Metallic alloy



Patented Apr. 21, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALVAH W. CLEMENT, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TOLUDLUM'. STEM 60., OF 'WATERVLIET, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEWJERSEY.

No Drawing.

T all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ALVAH W. CLEMENT, acitizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, inthe county ofGuyahoga and State of Ohio,-have invented a certaln new and usefulImprovement in Metallic Alloys, of which the following is a full,clear,-and exact description.

This invention relates to an alloy which may be used for the fabricationof articles and devices which in their use are subjected to the actionof hot corroding gases, and high temperatures, as, for example,annealing and carburizing boxes, 'saggars, which 16 are used underconditions involving high temperatures, crucibles for melting brass,bronzes, etc., parts of furnaces, or in fact in any situation where itis desired to produce an article which is resistant to heat and 20 tocorrosion and, in modified form, may be used for the making ofnon-corrosive forged articles, such as dles for die castings, ball racesand balls for ball bearings, and other articles.

The alloy comprises a combination of iron, chromium and titanium, whichcombination when alloyed has a high melting point, is tough, and notbrittle.

To the alloy of the elements mentioned,

small proportions of silicon, or of silicon with aluminum may be added,which prevent material oxidization of the surfaces of an articlefabricated of the alloy, by providing a film or surface of oxide whichserves as a protecting covering,

Inamaking the alloy, the carbon content should be kept as low aspossible, as by the use of oxidizing slags, for carbon in appreciableamounts renders the alloy hard and 40 very difiicult to work. I y

A very effective alloy for the purposes I have found to consist of thefollowing; titanium 6 per cent, chromium 10 per cent,

aluminum 10 per cent, the balance of iron and silicon, the siliconpresent being less than 1 per cent. The percentage of aluminum andtitanium may be varied, but should not be less than 5 er .cent of eachof the elements mentioned The chromium may W vary from 10 per cent to 30per cent, the iron and silicon always making up the balance of thealloy.

If desired, molybdenum may be 'added where the percen age of titaniumpresent is METALLIC ALLOY.

Application filed August 15, 1917. Serial No. 186,267.

above 5 per cent, but is undesirable with lower percentages of titanium.Where molybdenum is so added, the percentage of titanium must bemaintained sufliciently high so that the addition of molybdenum will notmake an inherently soft alloy. The molybdenum imparts to the alloy theproperty of easy machinability.

Where the alloy is intended to be used under conditions involving veryhigh temis preferable to form the alloy using as the sources of theelements ferro-titanium and fer'ro-chromium, When utilizing sources ofingredients the same are preferably melted in the electric furnacetogether with suitablefluxes, which fluxes are those well known in theart.

The alloy maybe very advantageously used for the making of dies for diecastings, or for dies 'andiplungers in the handling of hot glass, or formolds in the handling of hot glass, as well as for forming ballbearings, by. fabricating the articles thus to be used of the alloydescribed, and subsequently heat treating the surfaces which are to beexposed to the wear and abrasion, as by carburizing so as to form atthese surfaces a high proportion of carbides which will comprisecarbides of titanium and chromium; The

carbides mentioned are exceedingly hard these v exceed 25% temperatures,containing on analysis chromium not to exceed 30%, titanium not to andthe. balance principally iron. Y

3. A substantially nickel free alloy resistant to corrosion and tooxidation at high temperatures, and containing on analysis chromium notbelow 104% and not to exceed 30%, titanium not to exceed 25%, and thebalance principally iron.

4. A substantially nickel free alloy resistant to corrosionand tooxidation at high temperatures containing on analysis 5% to 25% oftitanium, substantially 170% to 30%, of chromium, the balance consistingprincipally of iron.

5. An article resistant to corrosion and to oxidation at hightemperatures made of a substantially nickel free alloy containing onanalysis titanium from 5% to 25%, the balance being principally chromiumand iron, the exposed surface of the article containing ctirrbides ofthe principal ingredients of the a loy.

6. An article resistant to corrosion and to oxidation at hightemperatures made 'of a substantially nickel free alloy containing onanalysis 10% to 30% of chromium, titanium. not to exceed 25%, thebalance being principally iron, the exposed surface of the articlecontaining carbides of aforesaid ingredients.

7 A substantially nickel free alloyed soft steel resistant to corrosionand to oxidation at high temperatures containing on analysisapproximately 5% to 20% of titanium, and the balance principally ironand chromium.

8. A substantially nickel free alloyed soft steel resistant to corrosionand to oxidation at'high temperatures containing on analysis chromiumnot to exceed 30%, and titanium not to exceed 20%.

9. A substantially nickel free alloyed soft steel resistant to corrosionand to oxidation at high temperatures containing on analysis, chromiumnot below 10% and not to exceed 30%, and titanium not to exceed 20%.

10. A substantially nickel free alloyed soft steel resistant tocorrosion and to oxidation at high temperatures containing on analysis5% to 20% of titanium, and substantially 10% to 30% of chromium.

11. An article resistant to corrosion and I containing on analysischromium about 10% to 30%, and titanium not to exceed 20%, the exposedsurface of the article containing carbides of aforesaid ingredients.

In testimony. whereof, I hereunto afiix my signature.

ALVAH W. CLEMENT.

